Today, the island's facilities are managed by the National Park Service as part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1986. In 1972, Alcatraz was transferred to the Department of Interior to become part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The prison closed in 1963, and the island is now a major tourist attraction.īeginning in November 1969, the island was occupied for more than 19 months by a group of Native Americans, initially primarily from San Francisco, who were later joined by AIM and other urban Indians from other parts of the country, who were part of a wave of Native American activists organizing public protests across the US through the 1970s. The strong currents around the island and cold water temperatures made escape nearly impossible, and the prison became one of the most notorious in American history.
In 1934, the island was converted into a federal prison, Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. The island was developed in the mid-19th century with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, and a military prison. The Social Hall, destroyed by fire during the Native American occupation.Īlcatraz Island ( / ˈ æ l k ə ˌ t r æ z/) is a small island 1.25 miles (2.01 km) offshore from San Francisco, California, United States.
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